亚洲的智能手机瘾
By Heather Chen BBC News, Singapore
Nomophobia(无手机焦虑症) - or no mobile phone phobia(恐惧) - the onset(发病，攻击) of severe anxiety(焦虑) on losing access(入口，出口) to your smartphone(智能手机) has been talked about for years. But in Asia, the birthplace of the selfie(******照) stick and the emoji(表情符号，绘文字), psychologists(心理学家) say smartphone addiction(上瘾) is fast on the rise(在上涨) and the addicts(成瘾者) are getting younger.
recent study surveyed(调查) almost 1,000 students in South Korea, where 72% of children own a smartphone by the age of 11 or 12 and spend on(把…花在…) average 5.4 hours a day on them - as a result about 25% of children were considered addicted to(沉溺于…) smartphones. The study, to be published in 2016 found that stress was an important indicator(指示器) of your likelihood(可能性) to get addicted(上瘾).A
Smartphones are central to many societies but they have been integrated into(归并到，被结合到…中) Asian cultures in many ways: there is the obligatory(必须的，义务的) "food porn(色情作品)" photograph at the beginning of any meal; in Japan it is an entire subculture(亚文化) with its own name - keitai culture.
falling into a drain(下水道) while looking at her phone.2.5bn smartphone users provides a stream of phone-related "mishap(灾祸，不幸事故) news", such as the Taiwanese tourist who had to be rescued after she walked off a pierAsia and its (码头，防波堤) while checking Facebook on her phone. Or the woman from China's Sichuan province rescued by fire fighters(消防员) after
They may make for slapstick(闹剧，趣剧) headlines(新问题要) but in Singapore too the concern is that those most vulnerable(易受攻击的，易受伤的) are getting younger. With its population of just 6 million, it has one of the world's highest smartphone penetration(渗透) rates. It also has specialists in digital(数字的) addiction, a cyber(计算机网络的) wellness(健康) clinic(诊所) and a campaign(运动，战役) to see digital addiction be formally recognised.
Touch Cyber Wellness Centre in Singapore. "Youths lack that level of maturity(成熟), making it harder for them to manage smartphone usage as they don't have self-control(自控，自制)," said Chong Ee-Jay, manager of
He has serious concerns about how young children behave when they get phones.
"They are readily available to very young children here as part of their school curriculum," he said. In Singapore it is not uncommon for homework assignments(分配，任命) to be set via WhatsApp.
nomophobia since April 2013.In South Korea, 19-year-old student Emma Yoon (not her real name) has been undergoing treatment for
"My phone became my world. It became an extension(延伸) of me.
"My heart would race and my palms(手心，手掌) grew sweaty(浑身出汗的，汗臭的) if I thought I lost my phone. So I never went anywhere without it."
Ms Yoon's parents also said that their daughter's smartphone usage amplified(放大) other behavioural(动作的，行为的) problems she was exhibiting(呈现). She began to retreat from(从…撤退，避开…) hobbies(嗜好，业余爱好) and school activities.
Many smartphone users in Asia actively make use of Instagram to document(为…提供证明) their meals.
